Carbureter for internal-combustion engines.



l `1I. W'EILAND. y CARBURETER FOII`INTRNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.APPLICATION FILED APR. 4. 19|?.

1,276,842. V Patented Aug. 27, 1918.

I INIIHI 'IIIHHI ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug, 27, 19h

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AVWEIVLAND. CRBURETEH FOR INTERNAL ,COMBUSTION ENGINES.

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APPLICATIoIrFILED APR. 4'. |917.

ALFRED WEILAND, 0F PHILADELPHIA, 'PENNSYLVANIA.

CARBURETER FOB INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aue. 27, 1918.

Application filed April 4, 1917. Serial No. 159,603.

To all whom t may concern:

.lie it kiiowii that I, ALFRED lVEiLAND, a citizen of the United States,residing` at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia Vand State ofPennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inCarbureters for Iriteriial-Uoinbustion Engines, of which the :followingis a specification.

The present invention relates generally to a carbureter for internalcombustion eiigines and more speeiliaally to the feeding` of fuel to themain reservoir ot' the carbu reter and to the control and mixing of theliquid fuel and air as discharged to the motor intake.

It is an object of the invention to provide means for automaticallysupplying liquid fuel-to the main reservoir of the carbui'eter, suchmeans embodying an auxiliary or suppleiueiital fuel feeding mechanism,which, under normal conditions, remains inactive and inoperative butwhich is at all times in eoiulitio'n to supply liquid fuel to the mainfuel reservoir in case the main fuel ,feeding means, through one causeor another, becomes inoperative. In the carburetor of my presentinvention, the pressure conditions existing in the motor intake are re.`lied upon to produce sutiicient vacuum in a supply reservoir to lift theliquid fiiel from a` low level source and iii case the. vacuum producedis too low for this purpose, a condition may arise where the.'carbureter is temporarily, at least,` without liquid fuel, and it istherefore the object of my invention to provide a iiieans which is.autoniatil cally operable under the conditions stated lto supply liquidfuel to the main reservoir until such a time as the vacuum is againbuilt up to cause the regular feeding to be. again resumed.

lt is a further object of the invention to provide means under thepositive. control of the throttle valve for definitely proportioninglthe liquid fuel and air so that the, niotor receives a proper andeilicient -niixture for the condition under which the throttle isadjusted.

For;tlie"piiipose of illustrating my invention, l have shown iii theaceompanylug:r

ldrawings one forni thereof, which is at present preferred by nie, sincethe, saine. liaS been found in practice to give satisfactoryr andreliable results, although it is to be un derstood that' the Variousinstrninentalities it is operated as required.

of which my invention consists can be variously1 arranged `and organizedand that my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement andorganization of the instrumentalities'as herein Ishown and described.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation 0f a carbureter embodying myinvention, the saine being taken on line 2 2 of Fie. 2.

Fig. 2 represents a plan of the saine.

Fig. 3 represents a section on line 33 of Fig. l.

l designates the casing of lthe carbnreter which is provided with aremovable cover or top 2 by means of which access is had to the interiorof the carbureter for purposes of repair or otherwise, as will bennderstood. In the present instance, the casingl is so constructed as toform a earbure'ting chamber 3. a main fuel reservoir L a storingreservoir 5 and an auxiliary reservoir (i. The latter luiscominunication by way of the overfiow outlet pipe 7 with the i'eserve.tank S which has direct connection and communication with a source oflow level liquid suppl)1 (not shown) through the pipe 9. The'carburetingchamber t3 communicates with the atmosphere through the main air inletpassage l0 and discharges into the. motor intake by way of the outlet 11which is, ot' course` subject to the )ressure conditions existing in theaforesaii motor intake.

As bere shown the carbureter nozzle or the mixture jet is formed in apart ofthe throttle valve controlling` means and is locatedsubstantially transversel)1 of the throttle valve which is suitablyshaped and located to citt oli" the earbnreting chamber troni the motorintake as desired and in Ithepresent instance this valve .is formed witha central sleeve 13 which is fixed to the tubular stem 1.4 of thethrottle valve operating means. The stein ll has a relativel)r longbearing in the carbureter easing l and projects therefrom at the topwhere it. has the throttle lever 15 attached and by which This stein 14;is further provided with an intermediate body portion 1G which serves asa guide bearing for the tubular plunger 17 and also pro vides the hollowextension 18 arranged concentrieally of the plunger 17 and t.erminat ingat a point below the normal liquid fuel level, In this connection, itwill be noted that, a plurality of openings 19 are provided in the saidextension at substantially the normal level line1ot' the liquid fuel andserve to permit air to escape from 'the interior of the extension andcarry liquid fuel to the jet outlets 2.0. These outlets 2O are formedres eetively at opposite -sides of the throttle va ve 12 and communicatewith the space 21 between the extension 18 and the sleeve plug 22 whichis threaded into the I' easing 1 in axial alinement with the stem 14whereby in assen'ibled condition the two parts are in teleseopedrelation and from the aforesaid space 21 which communicates with the jetreservoir 23 formed in the body portion of the plug 22. 'Fuel t'rom themain reservoir 4 is supplied to the jet reservoir 23 by way of thepassage 24 and inlet port 25.

2G designates a needle valve for controlling` the supply of liquid fuelto the mixture nozzle and in the present instance this valve. isconnected to the lower end of the tubular plunger 17, so that as thesaid plunger moves in one direction or the other, the valve 26iscorrespondingly shifted. In the present construction, this plungerentends through the stein 14 and is provided with a head` such asthenut27 or the like, which is adapted to be engaged by a pivoted lever 28under the control of the throttle valve operating mechanism. rThe lever2H is preterably of bifurcated or forked construction and carries at itsouter or free end a cam roller 29 which rides upon the, rain surface 30formed as a part ot the lever 15. A suitable spring 31 is employed tomaintain the roller 2f) in proper relation with itsI coactingr camsurface. From the foregoing. it

will be evident that as the cani/lever ls' is rotated to either open orclose. the throttle its movement will be transmitted tothe pivoted lever28 and raise or lower the latter vand thus. move the needle valve 26accord- 'intI to requirements'. lt' will be noted that a port 32 isprovid al in the plunger I7 l`or the Y passage of air trom the interiorof the said plunger to the. iet chamber 23 and that il is preferablvbelow the normal hqunl level or at least' the level under starting andslow speed conditions so that the air drawn fhrougln is relativelylsaturated with hquld Fuel.

Referring now to the main reservoir I lfor liqllid fuel. Ell-ldesignates an air veul s||itabli' t'ornied in the casino l andcommunioutingr with the said reservoir above. the norn ral liquid levelwherebv the liquid luel is' supplied by ,Q'ravitv action to the jet aswill be understood. 3ldesiguates out let lead ing frqm mest-orinarreservoir 5 to the main reservoir 4 and having its mouth normally belowthe fuel. level, so that the outlet is liquid sealed and the liquid fromthc storingr reservoir 5 gradually replaces the liquid used trom themain reservoir 4 through the action of the air bubbling or risingthrough the liquid sealed outlet 34.

35 designates the outlet from the auxiliary chamber 6 to the storingreservoir 5, this outlet., in the present instance, terminating wellwithin the chamber and having its mouth normally sealed by the storedliquid fuel. A valve 3G is arranged to ebntrol the opening and for thispurpose is provided with a reciprocable stem 37 which is connected to alever 3R which carries a tioat 39 and has its t'ulcrnm 4 0 intermediatelthe two points of connection, so that when the float rises the valve 36is lowered and vice, versa. The auxiliary chamber (i is adapted to besubjected to the, e pressure conditions in the motor intake and to thatend the casingr wall is provided with an opening 41, the opening andclosing' ot` which is controlled by the movement of the stem 14 and ashere shown, the said stein is angularlv grooved as shown at 42 to form apassage or connecting conduit with a port 43 which communicates by warof the channel tl with thev motor intake, rIhus in .one osition ole thethrottle, the groove l2 willfllm'ivide a t'ull size con'ununieating);passage between the ports 41 and 43 and in another position of thethrottle this comniunieatiug` passage will be reduced in area to aprolmrtionate extent both with the end in view of lnaintzaining asubstantially constant vacuum within the chamber (i.

45 designates a passage forming a cornmun'ieat-ion between the reservetank 8 and a float chamber 51 as; a. means of by-passing liquid aroundthe ehaniber 6 under certain conditions. This passage 45 is providedwith a valve sea t 46 with which the valve 47 cooperates and this latteris suitably connee-ted for movement .with a float 1S-in the said chamber51, Under all normal conditions of operation, that is, with an operativesupply of liquid fuel in'thc main reservoir 4 the lloat 48 held in sueha position that. the valve 47 closes the passage 45 and the teedii'i.;rof the earbureter takes place by way ot' the ,auxiliary reservoir 6 aswill bel explaned. ject. to suliieieut. vacuum from the moton intake tobe, illed from the. low and since the pipe 7 is of relatively considerable length, there will be normal operation, a supply ot liquid feelinthe. tank`8, thel ievel rif-which is approximately at. the end of thepipe 7. The conlinued action ofthe vacuum causes the liquid to overllowand run through the pipe 7 into the storing is controlled by the float39 and valve 36.

and closing of the' outlet 35 'lhus the tank 8 is normally sub-.

level supply at all times, under or auxiliary reservoir 6 whetfe it:4

In, "case the suction from the motor intake should for any reason beinsufficient to draw fuel into the tank 8, and in view of this condition(which necessarily must he a teniporary condition), the main reservoiras well as the storing and auxiliary reservoirs 5 and 6 becomeexhausted, the level in the chamber 51 will lower and thus cause thefloat 4:8 to drop and the valve 47 to open.

10 This vpermite the stored liquid fuel in the tank 8 to discharge intothe chamber 51 and act as an auxiliary supply until conditions returntonormal.

Referring now to the throttle Ietructure and its adjunct-s, it will benoted that the throttle valve is substantially of hollow or tubularconstruction at its central portion and Within which the parts are soarranged and cordinated as to form not only the main fuel jet of theearburel er but also an yauX- iliary reservior embodying al and :fuelsup-` ply to form an auxiliary )et which is particularly advantageousfor starting or slow speed conditions. Assuming these latter conditionsto exist and the throttle to be in its closed position, the fuel assumesa level `in the chamber substantially co-incidcnt'. with the two ports19 and since at this time alsobut one of the outlets 20 is directlysuhject to the suction of the inotor intake, the

'- other ,outlet 2 0 becomes an inlet for air from `the niain airopening 10. Thus under a Starting condition, air is drawn through theinlet 20 into` contact with the liquid fuel I and discharges through theoutlet 20 to the `niotor 'intake while a second body of air is drawnthrough the plungeif 17 and passes by way of the port 32 beneath thelevel of the fluid and bubbles its way to the outlet 20,

40 so that the resulting eol'nbined mixture is a saturated mixture welladapted for the requireinents of starting or slow speed work.

` Under running conditions of the inotor, the -tl}rottlejet becol'iiesless of an auxiliary or E4a,.priming device, since it is thentransformed into the main fuel jet and Vwith the, throttle "open, thesuction is` generally sullicient to practically empty the ehanibcr 23 ofany sur- ;Wplus liquid fuel and the earbureting charnber Vdraws directlyupon the main fuel reservoir for its supply.

In the present instance, I have provided' a v regulating device opeating as an` adjunct of the throttle valve whereby the needle valve 5526 is adjusted according to the position of the throttle valve faisdetern'iincd by load or sped conditions. Thus, as the throttle isopened, the-jean] 30, through the lever 2S,

lifts'the plunger 1-7 and causes the needle `y'alve to open ai distanceproportionate to the opening of the throttle valve. so that there 1s adefinite amount of fuel supplied to mix with the air. The operation ol'the main Afuel feed to the reservoir t is substantially 6o a continuousone since the lowering of the level in the reservoir 4t breaks `or tendsto break the liquid seal of the outlet 34, thus permitting air to bubblein to the storing` reservoir 5 and replace, the liquid which naturallyflows ont. The liquid in the storing reservoir 5 is replaced' by theopening of the valve 3G whenever the float 39 rises suf ficiently, aswill lbe understood. The liquidV fuel is supplied substantiallycontinuously to the reservoir (3 owing to the minus blessure from themotor intake which cansesan overflow from the tank 8 through the pipe 7.

ln connection with the grooyed portion :4Q of the stein, it will be`understood that its function is to niaintainthe vacuum produced by theinotor intake relatively constant under lgeneral operating conditions.Condi- 'tions of operation, however, are varied' and consequently thisstatement as to constantl vacuum is subject to exceptions, such for instance, as a load or speed condition where the inotor intake niinuspressure approaches a plus pressure, when the vacuum niay beinsnllicient to draw liquid fue] into the tank 8 and conscquenltv theoverflow to reservoir is discontinued. In such a situation, thecarburetor may still perform its function so longl as the reservoirs 4,5 and contain fuel and after lhe liquid level in the ntan reservoir+l-lhas lowered there is still [the reserve fuel in tank to be drawnupon. when vthe 'value 47 opens, Thus tlie reserve tank 8, by-passconduit 45 and float controlled valve 4G afford a supply in the natureof a safety factor, which operates and niay be depended upon to niectadverso conditions of low vacunni, and insure operation until nornialconditions are reetorcd.V

.ln order lo overcome the possible telnlenry for the continued feedingof fuel to the. inain reservoir by way of tue by-pass after il is oncebrought. inlo operation and thus pre.-

\ent an automatic' ret-urn to the nornial feeding, I have' preferred tosub-divide. thev inain reservoir -hby lhe partition l!) which as hereshownis a continuation of one wall of the storing reservoir 5. Anopeningr ."i()l in thisl `wall provides a connnunii-ation between theIloat chamber 5l and the. nlain reservoir l and this opening ispreferably in close proximity to the norinal level in the storing tankV5. The opening beingso located is substantially at the norlnal floatline of the float -lt so that the lowering-of the liquid below thatopening insures the open-4 ing of the valve i7 and hence the fuel feedby way o f the by-pass 45 passes fronrthe `chamber 5I through theopening 5() to the '-Jnain reservoir l. When vacuuln conditions are suchthat the nornial' feed isrfestored, the. incoming fuel flows into thechamber 51. considerably faster than it flows out, and minseqnenlly, thefloat 4S rises, ,closes the valve-47 and as soon as the level intll'euauxiliaryrcservoir (i has risen sufficiently-to open the valve23o, conditions return to nornial and the by-pass feed becomes tempourarily inoperative.

It will non' be apparent, that- I have dcvised a novel and i' efnlconstruction which embodies the features of advantage enumerated asdesirable in the statement of the involition and the above descriptionand while I have in the present instance shou'n and de scribed, thepreferred embodiment thereof which has been found in practice to giveSatisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that the sameis susceptil'ile ot' modi fication in various particulars withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the in vention or sacrificing anyof its advantages.

lVhat I claim is:

l. ln a carbureter, a casing forming' a main reservoir and a.:arlnircting chamber1 :t fuel jet supplied from said main reservoir,means to automatically replenish the fuel supply in said main reservoir,an auxiliary fuel replenishing` means for said main res ervoir, saidauxiliary means beine,l inoperative under normal conditions, and meansto automatically briulg` said auxiliary replen- 'ishing means intooperation under abnormal conditions.

2. In a carburetor, a casing forming a main reservoir and a earburetingchamber, a fuel jet supplied from said main reservoir,

means controlled. by pressure conditions inv the motor intake forreplcnishing the fuel supply in said main reservoir, and a by-pass fuelfeed to said main reservoir controlled` by the liquid level in Said mainreservoiru El. [n a earburcter` a main fuel reservoir, a. supplyreservoir having a liquid scalei'l outlet to said main reservoir, meansrendered operative by the breaking of said seal to sup ply liquid fuelto said main reservoir, ad tomatic meansI to normally replenish saidsupply reservoir. and an auxiliary fue] feed to said main reservoirIndependent ot said normally operative replenishiugI means.

i.' In a carburetor, a main luell reservoir having' au air vent above(he normal liquid level, a storing,r reservoir having an outlet. belo'wthe normal level in said main reservoir forming a'liquid seal, anauxiliary reservoir having an outlet to said .storing reservoir, a valvefor said last named outlet', a float in said auxiliary reservoirconnected to s:\iil.r:1l\'e. for opening and closing it. according' tolevel conditions, means to automatlcally replenish said auxiliary fuelreservoir from a lou( level source, and an auxiliary fuel feed for saidmain reservoir automat-ically operable in p laee of said floateontrolled valve.

5.111 a carb'ureter, a casing forming a main reservoir, an auxiliaryreservoir and ar carliuretimgr chamber, a fuel jet supplied from sindinaln reservoir, a receivlng tank having tree communication with saidauxiliary reservoir` means to subject said auxiliary reservoir to thepressure conditions in the n'iotor intake, means to feed said mainreservoir ['rom said auxiliary reservoir, means to retain apredetermined supply of liquid fuel in said tank and an automati callyeontrolhal by-pass feed from said tank, to said main reservoir.

6. ln a carburetor, a. casing forming a main reservoir, an auxiliaryreservoir and a carbureting chamber, a fuel jet supplied from said mainreservoir, a receiving tank, means forming an unobstructed Conduitbetween said auxiliary reservoir and a point in said receiving tankabovea predeter mined liquid level, means to subJect said auxiliaryreservoir to the pressure conditions in the motor intake, means to feedsaid main reservoir from said auxiliary res ervoir, and an automaticallycontrolled bypass feed from said tankto said main reser- `\'llll`.

7. in a carbure-ter, a casing forming a. main reservoir,` an auxiliaryreservoir and a carbureting chamber, a fuel jet Supplied from said mainreservoir, a receiving tank communicating with a 10W` level liquidsupply, an overflow conduit from said tank to said auxiliary reservoir,means t0 Subject said auxiliary reservoir to the pressure conditionsinthe motor intake, means to .feed said main reservoir from said auxiliaryreservoir and an automatically controlled bypass feed from said tank tosaid main reservoir.

R. In a carburetor, a casing forming a main reservoir, an auxiliaryreservoir and a carbureting chamber, a fuel jet supplied from said mainreservoir, a receiving tank communie; ting with a low level liquidsupply, an overflow conduit from said tank to said auxiliary reservoir,means to subject said auxiliary reservoir to the pressure of the,n'iotor intake, means to feed liquid fuel from said auxiliary reservoirto said main reservoir` meansnormally inoperative for feeding fueldiifect from said tankto Said main reservoirl and means renderedoperative by a fall tlieliquid level in the main reservoir for ingingsaid normally inoperative meansiinto operation to feed Said mainreservoir'.

9. Tn a. `carburetor, a Casing forming ,a main reservoir, an auxiliaryreservoir and a :arbureting chamber, a fuel jet supplied from said mainreservoir, a receivin tank communicating with a low level liquid supply,an overfiow conduit from said tank to said auxiliary reservoir, means tosubject said auxiliary reservoir to the-pressure of the motor intake,means yto feed liquid fuel from said auxiliary reservoir to tank, aroundsaid auxiliary reservoir, to said main reservoir; and a {ioat controlledvalve for controlling said by-pass.

10. In a carburetor, a casing forming a main reservoir, an auxiliaryreservoir and acm'bureting chamber, a fue] jet supplied from said mainreservoir5 a receiving tank communicating With a low level liquidsupply, an overfion" condu from said tank to Said auxiliaryreservoir,'ineans to subject said auxiliary reservoir to the pressure ofthe motor intake, means to feed liquid fuel from said auxiliaryreservoir to saidmain reser voir, a Irv-pass forming a communicationbe-V 35 tx'een the main reservoir and a point in' Quid tank below themouth* of said qverflow conduit, a ioat, and a valve for said |iypassunYler the control of said l'loat. y 1. In a carburetor, a casing'forming a main reservoir and a carburetingchamber,

a Juel jet supplied from said main reservoir, a receiving tank fortlieliquidjuel qjllliply, means inde]nlnlenlly operative forlreplenisliing said main reservoir troni said tank, and means reuleringone of said replenisliing means ineffective while the other is inoperation. l

12. In a carburetor, a easing forming a main reservoir and a carburetingchamber, a fue] jet supplied from said main reservoir, a receiving tankfor the liquid fuel supply, a. normally operativo means for feedingliquid fuel to said mainreservoir from said tank, and a nornnillyinoperative means for controlling a liquid fuel feed to said mainreservoir from said tank.

13. In `a 'carbnreter, a casing forming a main reservoir and aearbureting chamber, a fuel jet supplied from said main reservoir, areceiving tank for the liquid fuel Supply, a normally opeijative meansfor feeding liquid fuel, to said main reservoir from said tank, anormally inoperative means for controlling a' liquid lliellfeed to saidmain resenvoir from said tank, and means for rendering' said normallyinoperative means operative under abnormal conditions.

ln testimony wiereof, I have hereunto si ned my name:

ALFRED NVEILAND.

